muqiansuizhewoguoguominjingjidepengbofazhan，gezhonggeyangdegongchengshigongxiangmuyezaizhujiandezengduo，erqiaolianggongchengzuoweiwoguojingjijianshezhongdezuchengbufen

，zairenmenrichangshenghuohejingjifazhandeguochengzhongdouyouzheshifenzhongyaodeyiyi。danshi，muqianzaiwoguoqiaolianggongchengshigongzhong，混凝土結構kailiedewentiyizhimeiyoudedaohenhaodejiejue，zhebujinyingxianglegongchengshigongzhiliang，haisuoduanleqiaoliangjiegoudeshiyongshouming。yinci
，weileyouxiaodejiejueqiaoliangjiegoudekailiewenti，womenjiuyaocongqiaoliangshigongliefengdechengyinrushou，bingqiegenjugongchengshigongdeshijiqingkuang。caiyongxiangyingdefangzhicuoshi，jinerduiqiaoliangjiegoudezhilianghewendingxingjinxingkongzhi
，yiquebaoqiaoliangjiegoudezhengchangyunxing。

　　一、對橋梁施工技術的研究與分析

　　1、對橋梁下部結構施工技術的研究與分析

　　（1）強化基礎施工。首先要加強測量放樣工作：shigongrenyuanduishigongchangdijinxingkaochazhihouzaiduiqishishiyixiliedepingzhengcuoshi，ranhouzaijiaofuhegedeshuizhunxiandianhedaoxiandiandejichushang
，tongguoshuizhunyihequanzhanyiduishigongchangdijinxingshigongfangyang。qiezaiqiaolianggongchengjianshedeguochengzhong
，qiaoliangshigongkongzhiwangdejingquedubixuyaofuhefangyangdeyaoqiu，ruoqiaoliangshigongkongzhiwangdejingquedubufuheyaoqiu，nameshigongdanweijiuyaoduiqijinxingjishidebuchong。zhiyouzheyang，kongzhiwangcainengjingquedicedingqiaoliangchangdu，cainengzhunquedifangyangqiaodundejutiweizhi。qiciyaojiaqiangwajihepaishuifangmiandegongzuo：在橋梁工程施工中，施工單位進行挖基工作時要盡量避免雨水多的季節

；且在施工之前就要計劃好施工所需的勞動力、設備以及費用等，同時還要對施工場地周圍環境進行細致的勘察；若機械挖掘出現死角
，就要進行手動挖掘，並且在挖掘的過程中要注意經常地澆築。

　　（2）合理利用基坑的挖掘方法。首先對於垂直坑壁基坑：若要采取垂直坑壁基坑的挖掘方法，就要求基坑的含水量必須達到最佳標準
，構造要相對均勻且要穩定、牢固。其次對於斜坡和階梯形坑壁基坑：要采取斜坡或階梯形坑壁基坑的挖掘方法，就要求基坑的深度必須在5米之內，且基坑的濕度要保持正常，結構要相對均勻。最後對於變坡度坑壁基坑：若機械在挖掘的過程中會穿越不同的土層
，這時就應采用變坡度坑壁基坑的挖掘方法。

　　2、對橋梁上部結構施工技術的研究與分析

　　（1）重視預製梁模板的作用。預製梁的模板是橋梁建設中的臨時結構，但它是確保梁體尺寸精度的可靠保證，對橋梁工程建設的進程
、質量以及費用有著很大的影響。

　　（2）強化後張法預應力空心板梁預製和張力施工技術。首(shou)先(xian)
，施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)場(chang)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)壓(ya)平(ping)處(chu)理(li)，使(shi)其(qi)平(ping)整(zheng)後(hou)再(zai)對(dui)地(di)基(ji)進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)的(de)處(chu)理(li)，然(ran)後(hou)才(cai)能(neng)依(yi)據(ju)圖(tu)紙(zhi)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)場(chang)地(di)的(de)板(ban)梁(liang)底(di)模(mo)進(jin)行(xing)鋪(pu)設(she)；qici，yijutuzhiduishigongchangdidebanliangdimojinxingpushehou，haiyaozaigenjutuzhilaizhizuogangjin
，bingjiangqiyunsongdaoshigongxianchang

，zuihouzaigenjuzhiqiansuoshejideweizhiduidibangangjinjinxingkunzha

；此ci外wai，模mo板ban必bi須xu要yao由you多duo個ge鋼gang模mo拚pin裝zhuang而er成cheng。為wei了le很hen好hao地di完wan成cheng模mo板ban側ce模mo的de支zhi撐cheng和he穩wen固gu工gong作zuo，確que保bao側ce模mo不bu會hui變bian形xing，就jiu必bi須xu要yao完wan成cheng模mo板ban側ce模mo的de支zhi撐cheng和he穩wen固gu工gong作zuo
，保bao證zheng其qi尺chi寸cun的de準zhun確que性xing和he順shun直zhi性xing。

　　二
、橋梁工程施工裂縫的成因分析

　　1、溫差裂縫的成因分析

　　通(tong)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)
，導(dao)致(zhi)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)出(chu)現(xian)硬(ying)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)最(zui)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)就(jiu)是(shi)外(wai)部(bu)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)與(yu)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)之(zhi)間(jian)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)差(cha)，一(yi)旦(dan)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)發(fa)生(sheng)硬(ying)化(hua)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)收(shou)縮(suo)現(xian)象(xiang)從(cong)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)溫(wen)差(cha)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)築(zhu)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)準(zhun)備(bei)階(jie)段(duan)，模(mo)板(ban)等(deng)物(wu)件(jian)對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)各(ge)個(ge)構(gou)件(jian)會(hui)有(you)隔(ge)離(li)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，那(na)麼(me)水(shui)泥(ni)在(zai)液(ye)化(hua)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)就(jiu)會(hui)被(bei)包(bao)裹(guo)在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)向(xiang)外(wai)界(jie)所(suo)釋(shi)放(fang)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)築(zhu)的(de)最(zui)開(kai)始(shi)的(de)1d內nei
，混hun凝ning土tu各ge個ge構gou件jian的de溫wen度du會hui產chan生sheng明ming顯xian的de上shang升sheng，當dang過guo去qu了le幾ji天tian之zhi後hou這zhe部bu分fen熱re量liang才cai能neng夠gou逐zhu漸jian的de被bei釋shi放fang出chu去qu，混hun凝ning土tu構gou件jian就jiu會hui冷leng卻que下xia來lai。而er就jiu在zai這zhe個ge溫wen度du從cong無wu法fa釋shi放fang到dao釋shi放fang的de過guo程cheng中zhong，混hun凝ning土tu一yi定ding會hui出chu現xian收shou縮suo的de現xian象xiang
，而er其qi收shou縮suo時shi外wai部bu模mo板ban的de阻zu力li以yi及ji內nei部bu各ge個ge構gou件jian的de牽qian拉la力li都dou會hui對dui混hun凝ning土tu造zao成cheng影ying響xiang，影ying響xiang過guo大da時shi混hun凝ning土tu就jiu會hui很hen容rong易yi出chu現xian裂lie縫feng。特te別bie在zai冬dong季ji或huo是shi寒han冷leng的de天tian氣qi下xia施shi工gong時shi，熱re量liang釋shi放fang的de要yao更geng加jia緩huan慢man，就jiu更geng容rong易yi出chu現xian溫wen差cha裂lie縫feng。

　　2、鋼筋鏽蝕引起的裂縫

　　如果混凝土施工材料的質量不符合工程設計的標準

，那麼就會對混凝土結構的de質zhi量liang有you著zhe嚴yan重zhong的de影ying響xiang，導dao致zhi混hun凝ning土tu保bao護hu層ceng在zai使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong受shou到dao二er氧yang化hua碳tan和he水shui分fen的de侵qin蝕shi，使shi得de混hun凝ning土tu中zhong鋼gang筋jin的de質zhi量liang受shou到dao破po壞huai。而er且qie在zai周zhou圍wei環huan境jing的de影ying響xiang下xia，致zhi使shi鋼gang筋jin和he環huan境jing中zhong的de水shui分fen和he氧yang氣qi發fa生sheng鏽xiu蝕shi反fan應ying，使shi其qi混hun凝ning土tu中zhong鋼gang筋jin的de體ti積ji增zeng大da，這zhe對dui混凝土結構表麵造成了嚴重的影響，從而出現開裂的現象。

　　3、鋼筋用量不當引起橋梁裂縫的產生

　　在zai橋qiao梁liang工gong程cheng建jian設she過guo程cheng中zhong
，存cun在zai施shi工gong人ren員yuan對dui普pu通tong鋼gang筋jin的de用yong量liang以yi及ji間jian距ju設she計ji不bu當dang的de現xian象xiang

，這zhe種zhong現xian象xiang的de出chu現xian，不bu利li於yu有you效xiao控kong製zhi橋qiao梁liang的de裂lie縫feng寬kuan度du。與yu此ci同tong時shi，由you於yu混hun凝ning土tu中zhong使shi用yong過guo多duo的de普pu通tong鋼gang筋jin，或huo者zhe在zai橋qiao梁liang工gong程cheng建jian設she過guo程cheng中zhong施shi工gong人ren員yuan對dui間jian距ju的de把ba握wo不bu足zu，造zao成cheng鋼gang筋jin捆kun紮zha得de過guo密mi
，不bu利li於yu混hun凝ning土tu的de正zheng常chang凝ning結jie與yu收shou縮suo，就jiu會hui導dao致zhi橋qiao梁liang裂lie縫feng的de產chan生sheng。

　　4、收縮引起橋梁裂縫的產生

　　yinhunningtudeshousuoerdaozhiqiaoliangliebianshiqiaolianggongchengjiansheguochengzhongzuichangjiandexianxiang。hunningtuzainingjiedeguochengzhong
，shuinitongshuiyijiqitawuzhihuichanshengyidingdehuaxuefanyingbingshengchengyixiliexinhuaxuewuzhi
，zaixinchanshengdehuaxuewuzhizhongkenenghuihanyoutansuangai，youyutansuangaidetijixiaoyuqingyanghuagai


，suoyijiuhuidaozhihunningtufashengshousuo。youhuozhejingguotaiyangdebaoshaierhuifa，congerzhishizishendezhilianghetijishousuo，daozhihunningtujubuchuxianzhanglishihengdexianxiang
，jinerzaochengliebian。hunningtuzainingjiedeguochengzhong，dabufendeshuidoubeizhengfadiao
，zhiyouhenshaoyibufenshuicanyuhuaxuefanying，zheyangjiuhuizhishihunningtudetijihezhiliangfashengshousuobianxing，daozhiliebiandechansheng。zaihunningtuningjiedechuqi，qikanglaqiangdubijiaoxiao
，suoyidangchanshengdegansuolayinglichaoguoqizishendekanglaqiangdushi
，qiaoliangjiuhuichuxianliefeng。

　　三、橋梁工程施工混凝土裂縫的防治與治理措施

　　1
、有目的的對橋梁的結構進行補強

　　當施工裂縫對混凝土結構的穩定性產生較大的幹擾時
，就要對其進行補強，而對結構進行補強的方法有很多，最常見的有以下三種方法：（1）預應力加固法，增大橋梁結構的截麵麵積，增加支點的數量從而提高結構的穩定性；（2）采用鋼板等部件對混凝土構件進行加固處理，從而提高混凝土構件的穩定性（3）噴射混凝土法
，通過繼續噴射混凝土從而達到補強加固並且提高混凝土強度的效果。

　　2
、表麵修補的方法

　　這zhe是shi最zui簡jian單dan並bing且qie最zui常chang用yong的de一yi種zhong治zhi理li方fang法fa，但dan其qi主zhu要yao適shi用yong於yu表biao麵mian的de淺qian層ceng次ci的de裂lie縫feng處chu理li
，而er一yi些xie沒mei有you影ying響xiang到dao整zheng體ti承cheng載zai力li的de深shen層ceng次ci的de裂lie縫feng
，也ye是shi可ke以yi采cai用yong這zhe種zhong治zhi理li方fang法fa的de。具ju體ti的de操cao作zuo如ru下xia：xianzhaodaoliefengbingduiliefengbiaomianjinxingtumochuli，cailiaokeyixuanyonghuanyangjiaoniyijishuinijiangdeng
，ranhouzaijiangyixiefangfuxingnengyouliangdecailiaotushuazaihunningtudebiaomian，cailiaokeyixuanyongliqingyijiyouqideng

，zuihouzaixuanyongbolixianweibuduiliefengjinxingzhantiehuoshifugai，zheyangjiunenghenhaodefangzhiliefengjixukailie。

　　3、填充封堵法

　　zhezhongfangfajiushijiangshuinijiangyijishuzhidengjiaojiewuyarudaoliefengzhong

，congerfahuiqilianghaodejiaguxiaoguo。lingwaihaikeyiyanzheliefengdefangxiangjinxingkaizaocaowei，zhihouzaijiangdingjixiangjiaodengfangshuixingnenghaodecailiaozhirudaocaoweizhongqu，congerfahuiqilianghaodetianchongjiaguzuoyong。

　　結束語

　　總(zong)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)
，對(dui)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)工(gong)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)預(yu)防(fang)及(ji)控(kong)製(zhi)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，這(zhe)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全(quan)。施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)在(zai)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，按(an)國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)
，隻(zhi)有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)，才(cai)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)保(bao)證(zheng)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)性(xing)
，避(bi)免(mian)橋(qiao)梁(liang)施(shi)工(gong)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)。